青海索拉沟铜多金属矿床地球化学特征及矿床成因讨论Discussion on Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Solagol Copper Polymetallic Ore Deposit in Qinghai
聂鑫,贾琇明,张雪亭
摘要(Abstract):
依据青海索拉沟铜多金属矿床地质地球化学特征,特别是矿床物质来源、矿物、元素分带、成矿热液演化中铜多金属矿床的性状,对该矿床的地质特征、矿床成因及控矿条件进行了研究。研究表明,该索拉沟铜多金属矿床属火山沉积—热液改造型矿床,其矿床经历了沉积成岩和热液改造两个阶段。中三叠世海底火山喷发喷气活动携带大量成矿物质,在浅海台地相对低洼的部位(还原条件下)与火山碎屑物、陆源物一起沉积下来,形成了最初的"矿源层"或贫矿层,在随后的(印支期)造山过程中,受强烈构造-岩浆活动的作用,地层中岩石脱水、成矿元素活化、聚集形成富矿溶液,并沿地层层理、岩石破裂运移,交代岩石中化学性活泼的组分或充填于岩石裂隙中富集成矿。
关键词(KeyWords): 地球化学;矿床成因;多金属矿床;热液叠加;矿物包裹体
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 聂鑫,贾琇明,张雪亭
参考文献(References):
- [1]青海省区域地质志.青海省地质矿产局[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
- [2]1:25万“兴海幅”区域地质调查报告[R].青海省地质调查院,2005.
- [3]青海省岩石地层.青海省地质矿产局[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
- [4]青海省地矿局.青海省大地构造编图说明书[R].2006.
- [5]地质科学研究院情报所.国外地质资料选编(十八)国外斑岩铜矿[R].1975.
- [6]张雪亭,刘永安,王秉璋.青海地质作用的基本特点[J].青海地质,2001,(S1).
- [7]青海省兴海县赛什塘铜矿岩浆岩与成矿关系的研究报告[R].青海省地质研究所,1977.
- [8]青海省地质矿产局.青海省1:100万大地构造图说明书[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
- [9]Peacock N,AM.Na-rich partial melts from newly underplated basaltie crust:The cordillera Blanea Batholith,Peru.J petrol,1996,37:1491-1521.
- [10]Hugh R Rollison著,杨学明,等译.岩石地球化学[M].中国科学技术大学出版社,2000:180-205.
- [11]宋治杰,张心广.青海鄂拉山地区铜金金属矿床的成矿条件及成矿模式[J].西北地质科学.
- [12]刘云华,莫宣学,张雪亭,等.东昆仑野马泉地区矽卡岩矿床地球化学特征及其成因意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2006,(03).
- [13]Deer W A,Howie R A,Zussman M A.Rock-forming minerals,Orthosilicates,1982.
- [14]刘文均.沉积地球化学常用数据的应用问题.山西地质,1991,6(1):109-123.
- [15]Gromet L P,Dymek R F,Haskin L A,et al.North American shale composite:its compilation,major and trace element characteristics.Geocheim.Cosmochim.Acta,1984,48:2469-2482.
- [16]Hofmann A W.Chemical differentiation of the Earth,the relationship between mantle,continental crust,and oceanic crust.Chemical Geology,1988,90:297-314.
- [17]Torgersen T,Jenkins W J.Helium isotopes in geothermal systems:Iceland,The Geysers,Raft River and Steamboat Springs.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46:739-748.
- [18]Shirey S B,Walker R J.Carius tube digestion for low-blank rhenium-osmium analysis.Analytical Chemistry,1995,67:2136-2141.
- [19]Catchpole Honza;Kouzmanov Kalin;Fontbote Lluis.Fluid evolution in zoned Cordilleran polymetallic veins-Insights from microthermometry and LA-ICP-MS of fluid inclusions.Chemical Geology,2011,281:293-304.
- [20]Parry W T,Blamey Nigel J F.Fault fluid composition from fluid inclusion measurements,Laramide age Uinta thrust fault,Utah.Chemical Geology,2010,281:293-304.
- [21]邓晋福,罗照华,等.岩石成因、构造环境与成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:215-232.
- [22]邱风歧.青海赛什塘铜矿区岩浆岩及其成矿特征[J].青海地质,1978.
- [23]陈文,张彦,陈克龙,等.青海玉树哈秀岩体成因及40Ar/39Ar年代学研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志.2005,(05).
- [24]卢欣祥,孙延贵,张雪亭,等.柴达木盆地北缘塔塔楞环斑花岗岩的SHRIMP年龄[J].地质学报,2007,(05).
- [25]张以茀.青海及邻近地区地质构造演化初探[J].高原地震,1994,(03).
- [26]郝梓国,王希斌,鲍佩声.造山带中富集型上地幔的成因——以萨尔托海蛇绿岩块为例[J].中国地质科学院院报,1991,(01).
- [27]王移生.青海省兴海县铜峪沟铜矿区早二叠世火山岩及其成矿意义[J].西北地质,1985,(1).
- [28]朱迎堂,郭通珍,张雪亭,等.青海西部可可西里湖地区晚三叠世诺利期地层的厘定及其意义[J].地质通报,2003,(07).
- [29]刘云华,莫宜学,喻学惠,等.东昆仑野马地区景忍花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2006,(10).
- [30]李福东,张汉文,宋治杰,等.鄂拉山地区热水成矿模式[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1993:9-16,63-144.
- [31]曹荣龙,朱寿华.地幔流体与金属成矿作用.见:杜乐天等主编.地幔流体与软流层(体)地球化学.北京:地质出版社,1996:436-459.
- [32]张汉文.青海铜峪沟铜矿床的热水沉积规律及形成环境——廉论热水作用与火山活动的关[J].西北地质科学.
- [33]李福东,张汉文,等.鄂拉山地区热水成矿模式(以铜为主多金属)[M].西安交通大学出版社,1993.
- [34]王云山,陈基娘.青海省及昆邻地区变质地带与变质作用[M].地质出版社,1987.
- [35]李洪普,曹永亮,关有国,等.青海东昆仑山四角羊地区铁多金属矿床的成矿地质特征[J].地质通报,2009,(06).
- [36]马文乾.青海地质遗迹资源的探讨[J].青海农林科技,2006,(03).
- [37]张汉文.青海铜峪沟铜矿床的矿化特征、形成环境和矿床类型[J].西北地质,2001,34(4):30-42.
- [38]黄才填,吴永烈,等.青海省兴海县铜峪沟铜矿床地质研究[C]//青海省地质队.矿床专著:有色金属矿产,1986,44.
- [39]涂光炽.试论非常规超大型矿床的物质组成、地质背景、形成机制的某些特征——初谈非常规超大型矿床[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(S):1-6.
- [40]古凤宝,刘永成,等.造山带花岗岩多样性及实例-青藏高原区域地质调查理论及方法[M].中国地质调查局,2000.
- [41]黄才填,吴永烈,等.青海省兴海县铜裕沟铜矿床地质研究.青海省地质三队,矿床专著:有色金属矿产,1986,44.
- [42]王松,丰成友,李世金,等.青海祁漫塔格卡尔却卡铜多金属矿区花岗闪长岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年及其地质意义[J].中国地质,2009,26(1).
- [43]Weaver B L,TARNEY J.Empirical approach to estimating the compo-sition of the continental crust.Nature,1984,310:575.
- [44]Atherton M P,Petferd N.Cenaration of sedium-rich magmas fromenewly underplated basaltie erust.Nature.1993,362:144-146.
- [45]Defant N J,Drummond M S.Derivation of some modern are magmasby melting of young subducted lithosphere.Nature.1990,347:662-665.
- [46]Turner G,Stuart F.Helium/heat ratios and deposition temperatures ofsulfides from the ocean floor.Nature,1992,357:581-583.
- [47]Stuart F,Turner G,Taylor R.He-Ar isotope systematics of fluid inclu-sion:Resolving mantle and crustal contributions to hydrothermal fluids.In:Matsuda J,ed.Noble Gas Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry.Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Company.1994.
- [48]Hou Zengqian,Khin Zaw,Zhang Qiling,et al.Contribution of magmat-ic fluid to the active hydrothermal system in the JADE field Okinawatrough:evidence from fluid inclusion,oxygen and he lium isotopes.Inter-nationd Geology Review,2005,47:420-437.
- [49]王希斌,周详,郝梓国.西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床的进一步找矿意见和建议[J].地质通报,2010,(01).
- [50]张汉成,肖荣阁,张雪亭,等.东秦岭造山带热水成矿作用[J].青海国土经略,2003,(01).
- [51]张占玉.青海省都兰地区矽卡岩型铁多金属矿地质特征及成矿规律[J].地质与勘探,2011,47(6):994-1001.
- [52]Mare J Defant,许继峰,Pavel Kepezhinskas,等.埃达克岩:关于其成因的一些不同观点[J].岩石学报,2002,18(2):130-142.
- [53]Jenkins W,Edmond J M,Corliss J B.Excess 3He and 4He in Galapa-gos submarine hydrothermal waters.Nature,1978,272:156-159.
- [54]Lupton J E,Weiss R F,Craig H.Mantle helium in hydrothermalplumes in the Galapagos Rift.Nature,1977,267:603-604.
- [55]Simmons S F,Sawkins F J,Schlutter D J.Mantle-derived helium intwo Peruvian hydrothermal ore deposits.Nature,1987,329:429-432.
- [56]Stuart F M,Burnard P G,Taylor R P,et al.Resolving mantle and crust-al contributions to ancient hydrothermal fluids:He-Ar isotopes in fluidinclusions from Dae Hwa W-Mo mineralisation,South Korea.Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta,1995,59:4663-4673.
- [57]Stuart F M,Turner G,Duckworth R C,et al.Helium isotopes as trac-ers of trapped hydrothermal fluids in ocean floor sulfides.Geology,1994,22:823-826.
- [58]Cook N J,Sundblad K,Valkama M.Indium mineralisation in A-typegranites in southeastern Finland:Insights into mineralogy and partition-ing between coexisting minerals.Chemical Geology,2011,284:62-73.